You can use this function to evaluate market segments (which can be classified according to products, customers, orders, or any combination of these) or strategic business units (such as sales organizations or business areas), with respect to your company's profit or contribution margin. For Vehicle Sales and Service (VSS), you generate revenue by selling vehicles and parts or by servicing vehicles. For these processes, the following objects are relevant to profitability analysis (CO-PA):

Vehicle and fleet order
Service order (external and internal service order)
Billing document for parts sales

Integration

You use the following three processes to generate revenue in VSS:

Vehicle sales (vehicle order)
Vehicle service (external and internal service order)
Parts sales (parts order)

Vehicle sales and vehicle service both use VSS orders. When the billing process starts, the system transfers their costs and revenues to internal orders. Parts sales is a standard sales process that involves invoicing a customer. Vehicle sales and vehicle service are integrated with CO-PA by means of the internal order settlement. Parts sales uses the standard Sales and Distribution CO-PA integration. The difference between vehicle sales and vehicle service is that a vehicle service order has a second level CO order (internal order bill-to party). A vehicle sales order has only one level of internal orders and no split orders on the second level. You can also calculate the contribution margin at order level. If you wish to receive more detailed information on the values, use CO-PA.
The posted values can be transferred to CO-PA through settlement of the orders. The CO-PA characteristics are provided on the basis of the settlement rule or the standard derivation based on this (see Value Flows for Service Orders). You can show the contribution margin in relation to any information in the VSS order, under Goto, in the Cost Analysis function. You can use detailed CO-PA reports and create your own reports with the drilldown reports in transaction KE30. All customer-, vehicle-, and workshop-specific information in a VSS order (or which can be derived therefrom) can be transferred to the characteristics defined in CO-PA and, to a limited extent, to different material groups. You use different cost elements to differentiate between material groups.

Prerequisites

You have activated the BC Set /DBE/VSS40_BASIC_SETTING in your client.
You have checked the settings in Customizing for Vehicle Sales and Service (VSS) under Order > Basic Functions > Account Assignment > Internal Order for Bill-To Party > Define Data Sources for Profitability Segment Derivation and Define Parameters for Profitability Segment Derivation.
You have created the operating concern and assigned a controlling area to it. For more information, see SAP Library for SAP S/4HANA on SAP Help Portal at http://help.sap.com/s4hana. Under Product Assistance, choose a language, Enterprise Business Applications > Finance > Financial Planning and Analysis > Controlling (CO) > Profitability Analysis (COPA) > Structures > Operating Concern.

Activities

In the VSS order, choose Goto > Document Flow to see the internal order. To display the settlement rule of the internal order, double-click the internal order or choose Accounting > Controlling > Internal Orders > Master Data > Special Functions > Order > Display (transaction KO03) on the SAP Easy Access screen. Enter the number of the internal order and choose the pushbutton Settlement Rule. To see the characteristics transferred to CO-PA, select one distribution rule with double-click and choose Display Account Assignment in the Profit. Segment field.
To settle costs incurred on the internal order directly to CO-PA, choose Accounting > Controlling > Internal Orders > Period-End Closing > Single Functions > Settlement > Individual Processing (transaction KO88) on the SAP Easy Access screen.
To start the CO-PA, choose Accounting > Controlling > Profitability Analysis on the SAP Easy Access screen and the desired transaction.
To create your own reports with the drilldown reports, choose Accounting > Controlling > Profitability Analysis > Information System > Execute Report (transaction KE30) on the SAP Easy Access screen.

More Information

For more information about Profitability Analysis, see SAP Library for SAP S/4HANA on SAP Help Portal at http://help.sap.com/s4hana. Under Product Assistance, choose a language, Enterprise Business Applications > Finance > Financial Planning and Analysis > Controlling (CO) > Profitability Analysis (COPA)

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